Sami AKPINAR<\/p>\n
Evet, 31 Mart 2019 yerel se\u00e7imleri yakla\u015fmakta ve de bug\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 bir siyasal haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131lmakta…<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7imi kazanabilmek i\u00e7in olabilecek ittifaklar, se\u00e7imi kazanmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun pazarl\u0131klar yap\u0131lmakta…<\/p>\n
Ve de \u00f6yle ki, belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmek i\u00e7in siyasi kimliklerden \u00f6d\u00fcnler verilmekte, siyasi ilkelerden uzakla\u015f\u0131lmakta…<\/p>\n
Evet, bug\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnen siyasi harita bu…<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle, \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye’deki belediyecili\u011fin tarihine k\u0131saca bir bakmak gerekir.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/p>\n
Kurulu\u015fundan 1850’li y\u0131llara kadar Osmanl\u0131 devletinde bir belediye \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi yoktur.<\/p>\n
Bu hizmetler, genel olarak vak\u0131flar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kad\u0131lar ve birer esnaf kurulu\u015fu olan loncalar da bu hizmetlerin hem yerine getirilmesinde hem de denetiminde \u00f6nemli birer akt\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda bir belediye te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ise Tanzimat d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tanzimat d\u00f6nemi, “Tanzimat Ferman\u0131” denilen ve 3 Kas\u0131m 1839 g\u00fcn\u00fc okunan G\u00fclhane Hatt-\u0131 Humayun’un ilan\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan ve 1876 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan bir d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n
Yani bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde modernle\u015fme ve yenile\u015fmenin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde reformlar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n
Ve de bat\u0131daki geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda idari, hukuki, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve her alanda zorunlu bir de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdir Tanzimat d\u00f6nemi.<\/p>\n
Elbette bu olu\u015fumlarda bat\u0131daki geli\u015fmeler tetikleyici, bu geli\u015fmeleri okuyabilen ve de bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f kadrolar\u0131n zorlamas\u0131 etkileyici, yer yer de belirleyici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/p>\n
Belediye kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu da bu de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
-Nitekim ilk uygulama 1860″l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul’da ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-Ancak Belediye te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n ilk hukuk\u00ee temelleri Birinci Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ilk olarak da 5 Ekim 1877’de “Dersaadet ve Vil\u00e2yet Belediye Kanunu” \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Dersaadet, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul’un eski bir ad\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n
-Ve de 1880″lerden itibaren \u015fehir ve kasabalarda belediyeler olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O d\u00f6nemlerde belediyenin ad\u0131 \u015eehremaneti, belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u015eehremini idi. Belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 ise meclis \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilerek atanmakta idi.<\/p>\n
Belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n halk taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan se\u00e7ilmesine ise 1963’te ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet, imparatorluktan 389 adet belediye idaresi devralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve 3 Nisan 1930’da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1580 say\u0131l\u0131 “Belediye Kanunu” ile de \u015eehremini ve \u015eehremaneti isimleri kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1580 say\u0131l\u0131 bu yasa Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi belediyecili\u011fin ana iskeleti, belediyecilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u015flevinin ana esaslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olmu\u015ftur. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5393 say\u0131l\u0131 yeni belediye yasas\u0131nda da bu esaslar aynen korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyecili\u011fine ge\u00e7i\u015f ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 3030 say\u0131l\u0131 “B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Kanunu” ile 3 b\u00fcy\u00fck ilde, yani \u0130stanbul, Ankara ve \u0130zmir’de b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyecili\u011fi ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1986-1988 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 5, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8, b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na geni\u015fletilmesi sonucu 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 14 il daha eklenerek b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir say\u0131s\u0131 30’a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn, 2017 TU\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k % 78’i 30 b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile de b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir olma n\u00fcfusu, 700 binden 400 bine indirilerek i\u00e7inde \u00c7orum’un da bulundu\u011fu 21 ille birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 51’e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyecili\u011finde \u0130l Genel Meclisi ve \u0130l \u00d6zel \u0130daresi la\u011fvedilerek B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Meclisi o ilin en yetkili meclisi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yani diyebiliriz ki, b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyeleri halk\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi yerel iktidarlar olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ve de diyebiliriz ki bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm belediyeler, sivil halk\u0131n temsil g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yans\u0131yabildi\u011fi, demokrasinin tabandan geli\u015febildi\u011fi kurumlard\u0131r. Yani \u00f6yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle belediyeler \u00f6nemlidir; hem belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 hem de belediye meclisine se\u00e7ilecek ki\u015filerin konumu daha da bir \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Peki, nas\u0131l bir belediye, nas\u0131l bir belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve de nas\u0131l bir belediye meclisi?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sami AKPINAR Evet, 31 Mart 2019 yerel se\u00e7imleri yakla\u015fmakta ve de bug\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 bir siyasal haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131lmakta… Se\u00e7imi kazanabilmek i\u00e7in olabilecek ittifaklar, se\u00e7imi kazanmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun pazarl\u0131klar yap\u0131lmakta… Ve de \u00f6yle ki, belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,55],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14914"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14914"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14915,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14914\/revisions\/14915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.belediyeler.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}